Understanding the hidden dangers: The risks and misuse of Over-the-Counter medications
What are Over-the-counter (OTC) medications?
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are the kind of medicines you can buy without a prescription at places like drug stores, grocery stores, or even online. They're handy for treating common issues like nausea, fever, diarrhea, coughs, allergic reactions, and more. However, it’s important to be careful because some OTC medications contain active ingredients that can be misused. Misuse can happen when someone takes more than the recommended dose, uses the medication to feel high, or mixes different medicines without knowing the risks. (1)
OTC Medications: Easily Accessible, But Not Always Safe
Common OTC medications like Ibuprofen, Tylenol, Benadryl, and cough syrup are staples in most households. Many people use them regularly without much thought. But have you ever considered the risks of leaving these medications within easy reach?
- Dextromethorphan (DXM), a common ingredient in cold medicines, is frequently misused. People may abuse DXM by taking more than the recommended dose, mix it with soda for flavor, or inject it. (1) Misusing DXM can lead to addiction and even overdose.
- Benadryl, which contains diphenhydramine, is commonly used to relieve symptoms of hay fever, the common cold, and allergies. (2) Diphenhydramine does this by stopping the production of histamine in the body. (2) However, Benadryl is commonly misused, especially by adolescents. Teens often misuse the drug to experience a “high” or hallucinations.
- Many people don't realize that cold medicines contain acetaminophen (Tylenol), which can be dangerous if taken in excess. For instance, if you take cold medicine in the morning and later reach for Tylenol to relieve a headache, you could unintentionally exceed the safe limit. To avoid accidental overdose, it’s important to always check labels carefully. (3)
Preventing and Educating About the Dangers of Misusing OTC Medications
While understanding the effects of misusing OTC medications is essential, knowing how to prevent misuse and educating adolescents is equally important. Here are a few ways to prevent the misuse of OTC medications:
- Knowing when to use OTC medications
- OTC medications can be a helpful option for managing minor health problems or illnesses. However, it is ideal to consult your primary care provider before starting any new medication to ensure it is safe and appropriate for you. Pharmacists can also explain the medication’s effects, storage instructions, and whether there’s a safer alternative.
- Reading the drug label
- Every OTC medication includes a label with essential information, such as the active ingredients, uses, warnings, directions, storage instructions, and more. Always read the label prior to using any OTC medication to ensure it’s safe and appropriate for your condition.
- Storing OTC Medications safely
- To prevent children from accidentally accessing medications, store OTC drugs in a secure place, such as a high cabinet or a medicine lockbox. After giving children medicine, make sure the safety cap is properly sealed to prevent tampering.
Social Media Trends and Challenges with OTC Medications
Social media is an inescapable part of life for children and adolescents today. With its rise, peer pressure has also increased. Many kids are eager to try new things– even dangerous ones– if it means gaining a few extra likes or becoming an “influencer”. While there have been numerous challenges circulating the internet, the “Benadryl challenge” is one example. These challenges can lead to overdose and in extreme situations, death. (4) Since social media isn’t going away, it’s essential to talk to your children about the dangers of blindly following trends. Help them understand that not everything they see online is safe and encourage them to make responsible decisions.
With social media becoming more popular at a younger age, kids are exposed to even more ideas. That’s why educating children about OTC medications is so important. Here are some tips:
- Teach children who are old enough how to take OTC medications properly.
- Some children assume that since the medication is over-the-counter, it is safe. Which is not the case. Make sure they understand the risks of using OTC medications for purposes other than their intended use. Show them how to read a drug label and explain when it’s appropriate to take these medications.
- Talk to them!
- Take time to talk to your children about what they may see on social media, especially how partaking in “challenges” can be dangerous. Keep an open dialogue and ensure they feel comfortable coming to you with questions or concerns.
If you suspect that you or someone else is experiencing an overdose, call 911 immediately and go to Watauga Medical Center, Cannon Memorial Hospital, or the nearest emergency room.
References:
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2017) Over-the-Counter Medicines Drug Facts. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/over-counter-medicines
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020) Drug Safety Communication. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-warns-about-serious-problems-high-doses-allergy-medicine-diphenhydramine-benadryl
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2024) Don’t Overuse Acetaminophen. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/dont-overuse-acetaminophen
- Cleveland Clinic. (2023) Dangers of Social Media Challenges. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/dangers-of-social-media-challenges
